الفهرس 
Title : Surface morphology of erosive enamel lesions remineralized using casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate versus nano- hydroxyapatite in comparison to sodium fluoride by using the Atomic force microscope: An in-vitro study
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Abstract
This study was carried to evaluate surface morphology of erosive enamel lesions remineralized using 5% sodium fluoride, Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and 10% Nano Hydroxyapatite (Nano-HAP) by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and methods: Fifteen human upper incisors were included in the study.Teeth were sectioned transversely cervical in the area to separate the crown from the root with a high-speed diamond rotary stone with a water-air spray. The specimens were cut at the enamel dentin junction and sliced longitudinally for the labial portion using diamond disc with a water spray. The labial surfaces near the enamel dentin junctions were ground using silicon carbide papers under water irrigation to produce flat enamel surfaces. Specimens were embedded into Teflon molds filled with flowable composite resin.The specimens were randomly divided into five groups according to the remineralizing materials used. The pH of soft drink was determined using digital pH meter.The specimens in group1 did not receive any treatment while other specimens of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were immersed in 6mL of the soft drink for 2min at 20{u00B0} C before rinsing with de-ionized water.Four consecutive intervals of the immersion procedure were carried out at 0, 8, 24 and 36 h for a total of 8 minutes. After each of the demineralizing immersion interval, the remineralizing agents were applied for 3 min then it was washed with distilled water