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Abstract
The current study was conducted during the two seasons 2016 and 2017 on female trees of two date palm cultivars (Barhy and Sewy) and male date palm of four genotypes namely (Hayani, Meghal, Fardh and Ghannami).The study included 20 morphological parameters comprise leaf, leaflets, spines and spathe. Also, study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between date palm trees. in addition to tracking the fruits and hormonal changes during the development and growth stages of fruits to assess the role of hormones in fruits, and the obtained plant extracts containing hormonal structures that play the physiological role that matches the role of pollen grains in the formation of fruits. Results showed that the Sewy cultivar and Meghal male date palm are closer related than the Ghannami, meanwhile Barhy cultivar showed high similarity with Fardh male date palm, while there is no similarity between Hayani and Ghannami male date palms. Both RAPD and ISSR markers were efficient in detecting genetic relationship among date palm cultivars. Also, Ghannami male pollinizer gave the highest number of pollen grains followed by Meghal male date palm while the lowest number achieved from Fardh one. The same line was observed for Barhy and Sewy cultivars. In contrast, Hayani male date palm gave the longest pollen tube although the number of pollen grains was not come it intermediate between the used pollinizers