الفهرس 
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Abstract
An experimental test was conducted to study the effect of openings on reinforced
concrete beams. This study analyzes and discus the effect of the opening with
variable dimensions, type of the beam cross section, and the with of the slab flange
with on the behavior of the beam.
Sixteen beams were tested. The beams were divided to four groups. each group
consist of four beams, the first beam in each group is solid beam (without opening),
the second beam in each group has opening with dimensions 120*120 mm, the
third beam in each group with opening dimensions 120*240 mm, and the fourth
(the last) beam in each group has opening with dimensions 120*360 mm.
There are two types of cross-section in this thesis. The first is the rectangular
section (first group). The second section is T-section (beam with slab flange).
The dimensions of all beams were 150 mm in beam web width, 300 mm total
depth, 100 mm slab thickness (if any), and slab flange width 300 mm, 450 mmm
and 600 mm for group two, three, and four, respectively. The total length of all
beams was 2400 mmm and 2200 mm from center the supports.
All beams were loaded by one concentrated load that divided to two loads by using
rigid steel beam, each load was at a distance equal to 300 mm from the center of
the near support.
The test results were recorded. The first crack load, cracks, failure load, the first
crack load, the strain in the steel, and the strain in the stirrups, the deflection at
each load steps.
It was noted that the presence of the opening negatively affects the efficiency of
the beams in different proportions according to the dimensions and locations of
those opening and the beam cross section.
Outputs, curves, and cracks were analyzed to determine the effect of the holes on
the beams according to the dimensions of the studied holes.