الفهرس 
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Abstract
An overhead transmission line is a structure used in electric
power transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy across
large distances. Since most of the insulation is provided by the
surrounding air, overhead power lines are generally the least costly
method of power transmission for large quantities of electric energy.
It’s comprised of many components such as conductors, foundations,
and insulators. This thesis is focusing on the insulators because it is the
most dangerous part of the network breakdown. Outdoor insulators are
one of the main important components of the transmission lines that
effectively affect maintenance and operation costs. Insulators are
subjected to electrical stresses due to operating efforts, as well as due to
electric propulsion waves caused by thunderstorms or excessive
internal efforts due to separation and distribution operations. Insulators
must endure these electrical stresses under various environmental and
operational conditions. The increase in pollution leads to some
transmission lines going out of service, which leads to power outages
until these faults are repaired by cleaning the insulator or replacing it.
The power outages may be caused to bring economic activity to a halt.
Silicon rubber insulator is better than glass and porcelain insulators.
These insulators are distinguished by their lightweight, compared to
other insulators, and this type is characterized by a superior insulator
that does not allow water to communicate with the pollution on the
insulator surface, which reduces the impact of these insulators by
pollution, as it is easily installed on the towers.