الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The thesis describes the preparation, characterization and determination of the structural change of the prepared materials. The prepared samples consist of a pure polymer blend prepared by the traditional solution casting technique and nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquids. The pure blend was made from two polymers; polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (PVDF 70%: PVC 30%), Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a solvent for the polymeric matrix blend. XRD results approved the clear observation of the high concentration of silver nanoparticles in the last sample according to the peak at 38.42̊. FTIR shows vibrational spectral bands related to the interaction between polymers and nanoparticles. UV-Visible analysis confirms the formation of nanoparticles and is also used for determining the shape of the optical absorption edge, the absorption edges were observed at 234 nm for all of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy is used to confirm the formation of Ag-NPs in the solution using laser ablation and its dispersion in PVC/PVDF blend. Antibacterial effects against pathogenic grams were studied. The bacterial activity of Ag-NPs shows high activity index values for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.