الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare the potential of different types of laser activated MSCs to promote auricular cartilage regeneration. Twelve adult rabbit allocated equally in four groups, all animals received a surgical mid auricular cartilage defect in both ears; group I (Positive control) injected sub-perichondrially with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group II injected adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs), group III received bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs), and group IV received ear MSCs (EMSCs). The auricular defect was analyzed morphologically, histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and gene expression of the collagen type II (Col II) and aggrecan after 4 weeks. The auricles of all treatments appeared completely healed with smooth surfaces and similar tissue color. Histopathologically; defective areas of control, ADMSCs and EMSCs treated groups experienced a small area of immature cartilage, while BMMSCs treated group exhibited typical features of new cartilage formation with mature chondrocytes inside their lacunae and dense extracellular matrix (ECM). Immunohistochemically; there was an intense positive S100 expression in BMMSCs, a moderate reaction in EMSCs, and a mild reaction in the control group and ADMSCs. The expression of relative col II and aggrecan was substantially highest in BMMSCs. BMMSCs showed the highest chondrogenic potential compared to ADMSCs and EMSCs and should be considered the first choice in treatment of cartilaginous degenerative disorders.