الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In light of the world’s current severe climatic changes, it has been observed that the frequency of flash floods and torrents is increasing at an accelerating rate in numerous areas, exposing civil infrastructure and property to significant damage and losses. Railways are one of the most essential components of the transportation sector’s infrastructure, which is the prime engine for any development in all sectors. Recently, there have been many cases of torrents attacking some railway tracks in Egypt, especially in the east of the country, including the Qena-Safaga track, which is the main objective of this study to minimize the expected negative impacts. Torrents, or flash floods, are one of the most destructive natural hazards, especially in arid regions. Seasonally, these regions are exposed to heavy rains that cause serious flash floods with great negative impacts. In such conditions, the railway track needs maintenance, insurance, and protection against the risks of monsoon floods that hit those areas from time to time. The present study includes the most popular flash floods that attacked railway infrastructures all over the world and how they were protected, allowing benefit from the experience of successful dealing with these exceptional circumstances to maintain the integrity of the tracks and the efficiency of their performance. In this study, some light will be focused on the safety of the track substructure and how such floods affect track behavior, taking into consideration the different types of materials used in the foundation layers below the tracks and their stability under flooding conditions. Furthermore, the study will present a classification for some previous flash floods that occurred in Egypt and some other places in the last few decades based on multiple criteria, including severity, lifetime, direction, impacts, and the types of harmful effects on infrastructure. The subgrade layer will also be discussed in terms of soil type, nature, and mechanical properties. The goal of the study is to introduce a practical manual and procedure for how to deal successfully with flash floods that may attack the understudy Qena-Safaga track.