الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dental caries is still considered one of the most frequent childhood chronic disease worldwide. It is characterized by demineralization of the tooth that may lead to cavitation, discomfort, pain and eventual tooth loss if left untreated .Many restorative materials were developed for restoring primary molars. As the reduced longevity of Class II restorations might be due to the mechanical properties of the GIC. Nanofilled GICs (Glass carbomer cement& Ketac Nano) represent a new generation of dental materials that may improve its compressive strength and wear resistance.
Objective: To compare glass carbomer cement with a surface coat to Ketac N 100 glass ionomer cement and conventional glass ionomer cement with a surface coat (Equia Fil) in class II restorations of primary molars clinically and radiographically..
Method: from the outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry’s Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Department, a sample of children between the ages of 4 and 7 years old with class II carious primary molars scoring 3, 4, or 5 (ICDAS II), Alexandria University after securing necessary consents. All selected 117 children with 117 primary molars were randomly allocated into three equal groups according to the substance used for the restoration. Glass carbomer cement with a surface coat was used to restore group I (39 children per tooth), Ketac N 100 glass ionomer cement was used to restore group II (39 children per tooth), and conventional glass ionomer cement with a surface coat (Equia Fil) was used to restore group III (39 children per tooth). All of the steps were carried out in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Guidelines were followed when micro-conservative class II cavity preparation was carried out. Clinical and Radiographic assessments were performed at benchmark, a half year and a year.
Results: Nano filled GICs (glass carbomer & ketac N) were more effective clinically and radiographically than conventional GIC (Equia fill) in favor of ketac N when followed up one year.
Keywords: Glass carbomer cement, fluorapatite, conventional glass ionomer cement, wear, Nano fillers.