الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dento-skeletal effects of the mini-implant supported Twin Block versus the incisal capped appliance in the treatment of skeletal class II growing patients with mandibular retrognathism.Methods: Twenty growing patients with skeletal class II mandibular retrusion were included in the study. They were recruited with a random and equal allocation into 2 groups. The first group was treated with incisal capped TB without skeletal anchorage. The second group was treated with mini-implant supported TB. The mini-implants were inserted in the inter-radicular region between the mandibular second premolar and first molar. Intra-oral elastics were attached from the mini-implant to the wire hook in the canine region of the lower part of the TB and they were changed every 24 hrs. 100 to 150 gm of force was applied. Cephalometric radiographs were acquired at the beginning (T1) and end of treatment (T2). The paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were used to evaluate and compare the changes within groups and between groups, respectively.Results: Twenty patients completed the study with average treatment duration between 10-12 months. Class I molar relationship and overjet correction were achieved in both treatment groups. There was insignificant difference in the two groups regarding the growth of maxilla. The mandible was advanced significantly in two groups with more increase in the second group. Significant retroclination of upper incisors and upper molar distalization were observed in two groups. Regarding mandibular incisors, the first group showed significant proclination of the lower incisors. While the second group showed insignificant retroclination of them with significant difference between two groups. There was a significant improvement in the profile in the two groups with more advanced positioning of the lower lip in second group.Conclusions: The two appliances demonstrated a good result in the treatment of class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion. The addition of mini-implant promote the skeletal effects and control the position of the lower incisors compared to the incisal capped TB without skeletal anchorage.