الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 108 |  |  |
| | | from | 108 | | |
Abstract
Early identification of trauma patients with critical bleeding and coagulopathy who may require massive blood transfusion remains a major challenge in trauma care.
Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the major challenge in all level-I trauma centers. Despite the higher mortality of trauma patients requiring massive transfusion, at least 10% of deaths after traumatic injury are potentially preventable, and 15% of those are due to massive hemorrhage; many of these deaths occur within the first few hours of definitive care.
Trauma induced coagulopathy playing a major role in life-threatening bleeding that occurs with trauma side by side with the vascular injuries.
Trauma induced coagulopathy playing a major role in life-threatening bleeding that occurs with trauma side by side with the vascular injuries. Coagulopathy in the acute phase isn’t just a simple dilutional and resuscitation-related coagulopathy but is known as a co-phenomenon and unavoidable complication of resuscitation in patients who require massive blood transfusion.
Severity of coagulopathy could be determined by environmental and therapeutic factors that result in acidaemia, hypothermia, dilution, hypoperfusion and consumption of coagulation factors.
Massive blood transfusion (MT) is defined as transfusion of more than or equal to 10 RBC units, which approximates the total blood volume of an average adult patient within 24 h, transfusion of more than 4 RBC units within 1 hour or replacement of 50% of total blood volume within 3hr.
MT is essential in damage control resuscitation owing to its significant (DCR) association with morbidity and mortality in severely injured patients. Altered Conscious level, unstable hemodynamics, coagulopathy, and severely bleeding injuries can allow early identification of patients at risk for critical hemorrhage.
Usually, the massive blood transfusion protocol (MTP) is triggered by MTPs