الفهرس 
Performance evaluation of real-time kinematic precise point positioning applications in Egypt based on multi-constellation GNSS
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Abstract
technique Real-Time Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (RTK PPP) in several applications using Real-Time service (RTS) product in Egypt as a promising approach. Several tasks are accomplished to achieve this objective starting from studying the RTK PPP technique framework in terms of its structure and availability evaluation of the real-time streams as a first step, followed by evaluating the convergence time and accuracy of the new RT PPP model using collected static GPS/GLONASS data. Then, several sets of static and kinematiccollected data in Egypt through vehicular test carried out along railway track from Bani Suif to Assuit. These observations are processed in real-time using RT PPP models also, the potential comparisons between RT PPP, Post-Processing (PP PPP) (final, rapid and ultra-rapid) and relative techniques as RTK were performed to assess the RT PPP accuracy. As well, Multi-GNSS real-time PPP model was applied to Multi-GNSS observation data collected in Egypt using the following combinations to GPS as GPS+GLONASS, GPS+ BeiDou, to investigate the potential enhancement in the convergence time and positioning accuracy of RT PPP. In addition, a setting out test is conducted to assess its positioning accuracy in setting out procedure. The results for both static and kinematic applications encourage the using of the new RT products in decimeter- level positioning accuracy based navigation applications replacing the current Differential and RTK positioning systems