الفهرس 
Effect of single needle versus double needle arthrocentesis of TMJ on the synovial fluid level of tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Abstract
In the present study the aim was to compare the efficacy of the single needle versus double needle arthrocentesis in the treatment of patients with disc displacement with reduction by comparing between the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in synovial fluid in single needle versus double needles arthrocentesis. This study included 8 female patients, suffering from disc displacement with reduction of 12 TMJ. Subjects were selected from the out-patient clinic of oral maxillofacial surgery department, Faculty of oral, and dental medicine, Cairo university. The selected subjects were divided into two equal groups as follow: group I: Included (6) joints. Each joint underwent single needle arthrocentesis followed by injection of 2 ml betamethasone at the end of the procedures. group II: Included (6) joints. Each joint underwent double needles arthrocentesis followed by injection of 2 ml Betamethasone at the end of the procedures. The synovial fluid samples for assessment of TNF-Ü were obtained immediately before arthrocentesis and then at one week, and 3 months postoperatively. The patients were also clinically evaluated at the following intervals: 3days, 7days, 14days, 1month, 2months and 3months postoperatively. Results of this study revealed that single needle arthrocentesis is better than double needle arthrocentesis in treatment of disc displacement with reduction but both of them are effective