الفهرس 
Gender difference in cognitive functions in normal aging
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Abstract
Background: Aging is associated with changes in cognitive functions. However, other factors, such as sleep, nutritional status, physical and mental health might affect cognitive functions and this interaction needs further assessment. Aim of the work: to detect gender difference in cognitive functions and to study the impact of sleep quality, nutritional status, health-related quality of life, subclinical atherosclerosis and brain atrophy on cognitive performance among apparently healthy elderly.Subjects and methods: the study was conducted on 102 normal aged subjects, 51 males and 51 females. 40% aged <60 years as a control group. They were subjected to clinical assessment, California verbal learning test 2ndedition, Medical outcome study Short-Form 36-item Health Survey, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and mini nutritional assessment. Also, they were subjected to ultra-sonographic assessment of intima media thickness and 3rd ventricle diameter. Results:Among healthy elderly participants, no significant gender difference was found in verbal memory and learning apart from older females were more vulnerable to proactive interference (p-value 0.03), denoting poorer executive functions and working memory. Older females had poorer physical health, mental health, quality of sleep and nutritional status compared to older males with p-value 0.001, 0.003, 0.012 and 0.014, respectively