الفهرس 
Optical coherence tomography in patients with parkinson{u2019}s disease
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Abstract
Background: Neurodegeneration in Parkinson{u2019}s disease (PD) is not limited to the brain but also occurs in the retina. The changes in the different retinal layers can be easily assessed and quantified using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Objectives: To evaluate retinal structural changes in patients with PD using OCT and to correlate OCT parameters with clinical and ophthalmological data. Methods: Patients with PD (n=32) and controls (n=30) underwent ophthalmological evaluation. Structural measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macular and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Optovue RTVue {u2122} 100). Disease severity was assessed using Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale, schwab-england activities of daily living (ADL) scale, and unified parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS). Results: Visual acuity was significantly worse in patients with PD than in controls. It was inversely correlated with the nasal parafoveal thickness. RNFL parameters, except for the superonasal and inferonasal quadrants, were significantly reduced in PD patients compared to controls. All macular parameters and GCC thickness were also reduced in PD patients compared to controls. HY scores were inversely correlated with all macular parameters, GCC and temporal RNFL thicknesses. Also, the UPDRS scores showed a significant negative correlation with macular volume, inferior and nasal parafoveal thicknesses, nasal and temporal RNFL thicknesses and GCC thickness. Moreover, schwab-England ADL scores showed a significant positive correlation with macular volume, central foveal thickness, inferior and nasal parafoveal thicknesses, GCC and temporal RNFL thicknesses