الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Menopause is obtained from the Greek alphabet (men) which means month and (pauses) which means cessation; so menopause means permanent stop of menstrual cycle after loss of the ovarian action. In practical life, menopause is defined as stoppage of menses for one year. In clinical medicine, it is well established that the menopause is related to increased progression to vascular diseases and osteoporosis as a life-term health risk in females. Thus, menopause elevates the hazard of CVD by about more than three-time in females with normal functions of the kidney.
CKD is a great health disaster, which might progress to ESRD and accelerated CVD mortality and morbidity. Accordingly, the records of different communities which showed that CKD involves 10–16% of adults all over the world. Recognition of risk factors which predisposing individuals to CKD is so important for community and personal health, as some danger factors could be adjusted and could be prevented or helps to stop advancement to ESRD. The risk factors as gender, age, family history, race, smoking, drug usage and socioeconomic class and synchronous disorders, like DM, HTN, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and CVD which are consistently or inconsistently associated with CKD.
This study was directed on 100 Egyptian postmenopausal females who were admitted to Alexandria Main University Hospital and were screened for prevalence of CKD and associated danger factors like CVD, HTN, DM and NSAIDs use, dyslipidemia, UTI, osteoarthritis and hyperuricemia. Detailed history taking, complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done.
The purpose of the current research was to estimate the occurrence and associated danger elements like CVD, HTN, DM, NSAIDs usage and hyperuricemia on chronic kidney disease in Egyptian postmenopausal women.
The outcomes of the present research exhibited that the percentage of CKD among postmenopausal women