الفهرس 
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Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely utilized as food additives or in drug formulations and consumed by millions of people. Ingestion of TiO2-NPs through food additives may pose some unknown health effects due to higher biological activity than larger sized particles. Oxidative stress is considered to be the primary effect of TiO2-NPs through biological interactions. Antioxidant effect of Hesperidin has been demonstrated in different studies. The experiment had been carried out on 80 albino rats. The animals randomly divided into equal 4 groups. The first group served as control, the second group treated by oral doses of Hesperidin (100 mg/kg Bw daily), the third group treated by Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (200 mg/kg Bw daily via oral gavage), the forth group treated by oral dose of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and Hesperidin daily for 8 weeks respectively. Blood samples obtained for biochemical analysis of cardiac enzymes and neurotransmitters were measured in brain homogenate. Oxidative stress biomarkers levels and inflammatory markers were determined in the brain and heart homogenates. Histopathological examination of the brain and heart was conducted through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Our data showed that administration of Hesperidin with TiO2-NPs co- treatment decrease the levels of LDH, CK-MB, Troponin Ι, TNF-α and MDA level in heart and brain homogenates that were increased in TiO2-NPs group. It increases the other oxidative biomarkers (SOD, CAT and GPx) and Nrf2 expression in different tissue homogenate. It decreases the levels of AChE and dopamine in brain tissue homogenate which were increased in TiO2-NPs treated group. Brain and heart histological sections of TiO2-NPs treated group show degeneration, necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Hesperidin group showed a degree of improvement in brain and heart. Conclusion: Hesperidin has a protective effect on TiO2-NPs -induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes in Brain and heart.