الفهرس 
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Abstract
Biological diversity is crucial to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems and represents an important component of nations’ resources. Seaweeds play very important roles in many marine communities. The algae form the base of marine food webs, represent an underutilized resource for harvest and aquaculture, and can be used as biological indicator species Macroalgae presents a great diversity in forms and habitats, they can be found attached to rocks in the intertidal zone, in giant underwater forests, and floating on the ocean’s surface, hey can be very small, or quite large, rising to 50 meters. The introduction by man, directly, or indirectly, of substances or energy to the marine ecosystem resulting in deleterious effects on the quality of seawater. Marine pollution is a mixture of chemicals and waste, this pollution results in damage to the ecosystem, to the health of all organisms, and to economic systems worldwide.
Heavy metals released from anthropogenic activities are affecting the coastal systems increasingly. The fact that heavy metals in coastal waters are persistent with no degradation opened the opportunity of identifying bio-monitors that signify an anthropogenic effect. Bio-monitor needs to fulfill some requirements characteristics including nature sedentary, widespread distribution with considerable biomass, ease to detect, etc., in addition to being pollutants accumulators. Therefore, seaweed is also considered to be a good bio-indicator of heavy metals in seawater. Accordingly, the main goal of this study is to assess marine biodiversity about heavy metal pollution of five locations along the Alexandria coast.
The following objectives were set out:
• Determine the Physico-chemical parameters along the Alexandria coast throw light on the effect of pollution on the area of study (Eastern Harbor (EH), El-Tabia pumping station (TPS), El Mex Bay (EM), Sidi Bishir (SB), and Abu Talat (AT).
Examine the relationship between water quality and spatial changes in the diversity of species macroalgae abundance and composition at five sites with various levels of contamination along the Alexandria coast.
Characterize the most common algae species distributed in each selected site in terms of accumulation of common heavy metals (cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, and iron), besides a comparative study of heavy metals accumulation for the available macroalgae species within each site.
Use DNA barcoding methods to evaluate whether morphological methods correctly identify macroalgae species.
Examine characteristics of biochar derived from three marine macroalgae and determine their ability for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions.