الفهرس 
Definition of ObesityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted to study the effect of addition different concentrations (2.5 and 5%) of bitter cucumber, costus roots and their mixtures as powder on biological, biochemical, histological, and anti-obesity changes of male albino rats. Some physiological characteristics such as BWG, FI & FER) and some biochemical characteristics (liver functions, kidney functions, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, glucose level and internal organs weight) in tested albino rats will also measure. Determination of some active compounds in Bitter cucumber, costus as powder such as chemical composition, total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, phenolics compound by using HPLC.
Forty-eight adult male white albino rats, Sprague Dawley Strain, 10 weeks age, weighing (150 ±10g) were used in this experiment. After the adaptation period, the mice were divided into 8 groups, each group consisting of 6 rats as follows: The rats divided into the following groups: -
group (1): Rats fed on basal diet only as negative control.
group (2): Obese rats induced by fed on high fat diet (20% sheep fat) fed on basil diet only as a positive control group.
group (3): A group obese rats fed on basal diet and costus roots as powder by 2.5% of the weight of basil diet.
group (4): A group obese rats fed on basal diet and costus roots as powder by 5% of the weight of basil diet.
group (5): A group obese rats fed on basal diet and bitter melon as powder by 2.5% of the weight of basil diet.
group (6): A group obese rats fed on basal diet and bitter melon as powder by 5% of the weight of basil diet.
group (7): A group obese rats fed on basal diet and mixture (1:1) as powder of costus and bitter melon as powder by 2.5% of the weight of basil diet.
group (8): A group obese rats fed on basal diet and mixture (1:1) as powder of costus and bitter melon as powder by 5% of the weight of basil diet.
The experiment lasted for 28 days, and after the end of the experiment, each mouse was weighed separately, mice were slaughtered, blood samples were collected, and the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart were extracted.
Results of the present study revealed the following:
6.1. Chemical composition of bitter cucumber and costus roots:
The moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, carbohydrates, and energy value contents of Bitter cucumber as dry weight (DW) were 9.34, 25.19, 4.15, 8.45, 12.12, 40.84 % and 297.83 Kcal/100g, respectively. While the costus roots as dry weight (DW) were 6.65, 3.05, 2.25, 10.03, 23.15, 54.87 % and 251.93 Kcal/100g, respectively.
6.2. Total phenolic, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity content of bitter cucumber and costus roots:
The higher values of total phenolic, and total flavonoids recorded for bitter cucumber compared with costus roots.
While higher antioxidant activity was recorded for costus roots.
6.3. Identification of phenolic compounds bitter cucumber:
The highest phenolic compounds of bitter cucumber recorded for catechin, gallic acid, and gentilic acid.
While, the lowest value recorded for vanillic acid, protocatechuic, and synergic acid.
6.4. Identification of phenolic compounds costus roots:
The highest phenolics compounds of costus roots recorded for ellagic acid, naringenin, and cinnamic acid.
While, the lowest values were recorded for caffeic acid, rutin, and syringic acid.
6.5. Effect of different levels of bitter cucumber and coastus roots powder and their mixture on body weight gain, feed intake and food efficiency ratio of obese rats:
The body weight gain (BWG) of positive control recorded a higher value when compared with negative control with significant difference(P≤0.05).
from obese rat groups, the highest (BWG) recorded for 5 % mixture powder, while the lowest BWG recorded for 2.5 % costus roots powder with a significant difference (P≤0.05).
Feed intake (FI) of positive control recorded a higher value when compared with negative control with significant difference (P≤0.05).
from obese rat groups, the highest (FI) g/day recorded for 5 % mixture powder, while the lowest FI recorded for 2.5 % bitter cucumber powder with a significant difference (P≤0.05).
Feed efficiency ratio (FER) of obese rats, of positive control recorded the higher value when compared with negative control with significant difference (P≤0.05).
As for obese rat groups, the highest feed efficiency ratio recorded for 5 % mixture powder, while the lowest FER recorded for 2.5 % costus roots powder with a significant difference (P≤0.05).