الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death worldwide, accounting for a significant portion of healthcare and disability costs each year. Heart failure (HF) is the inability of the heart to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet the body’s oxygen requirements and nutrition that impact quality of life and overall health outcomes. Heart failure affects a patient’s lifestyle which has frequent cause of hospital admission and significant risk factor of mortality.
Change in the patient’s lifestyle can be significant in the prevention of heart failure. This disease had high-cost treatment, long course and high recurrence rate, it is significantly affects physical health, and quality of life of patients. patient’s lifestyle in this study evaluated by extent of patients used healthy, and unhealthy habits related to patients smoking, alcohol intake, medications, food and dietary intake, rest and physical activity, stress management, elimination patterns, sexual activity and follow up.
Aim of the study:
The present study aims to assess the life style of patients with heart failure.
Research question:
What is the life style of patients with heart failure?
Materials
Research design:
A descriptive research design was utilized this study.
Study setting:
This study was carried out at the cardiac outpatient clinic at Baquba Teaching Hospital which affiliated to ministry of health.
Subjects of the study:
A convenience sample of 200 adults, male and female patient diagnosed with heart failure.
Tools of the study:
Two tools were developed by the researcher, and utilized to collect the necessary data for this study.
Tool one: Bio-socio-demographic and clinical data of patients with heart failure Structured Interview Schedule.
This tool was developed by the researcher based on review of recent literature to assess the heart failure patient’s bio-socio-demographic and clinical data. It will consist of two parts:
Part A: Bio-socio-demographic characteristics:
This part was used to collect patient’s personal data as: age, gender, educational level, residence area, marital status, occupation and monthly income.
Part B: Clinical Data:
This part was used to collect patient’s clinical data as: current health problem, chief complaints, associated diseases, years of being diagnosed with heart failure (Duration of illness), family history of chronic disease, previous hospitalization due to cardiac disease or other disease, medication taken and laboratory investigations.
Tool II: Life style of patient with heart failure structured interview schedule:
This part was used to assess heart failure patients’ life style, which included: smoking, alcohol consumption, drug usage for heart failure or other chronic disease, dietary patterns, physical activity & rest, stress management, elimination patterns, sexual activity and follow up.
Method:
The study tools submitted by five experts specialized in the field of Medical Surgical Nursing and five medical consultants to examine its content validity.
The reliability of the tools was tested using acronbach’s alpha test. The cronbach’s coefficient alpha score for patient’s lifestyle was (0.886).
A pilot study was conducted on 20 patients (10%) of the study patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria, to test the application of the developed tools, the sample of pilot study excluded from the actual study sample.
Data collection:
The tools were developed by the researcher based on review of the recent literature to assess the life style of patients with heart failure.
Every participated patient with heart failure was interviewed individually once by the researcher to collect the needed data after explanation the aim of the study to assess their life style within approximately 30-45 minutes.
Data collection started in January 2022 and ended in June 2022.
Results of study show that:
• The higher percentage (63.5%) of the studied patients were male, most of them were married (66.5 %), and in age group from 50-60 years (65.5%).
• More than half (53.5%) of the studied patients living in urban area.
• The highest percentage more than half (51.5%) of the studied patients had insufficient income (from patient point of view).
• Regarding educational level, illiterate patients formed the highest percentage about more than one-quarter (29.0%).
• In relation to occupation, the majority (29.5%) of the studied female patients were housewife.
• Dyspnea was the most common complain (61.5%) regarding to Current health problems& chief complaints.
• More than one-half (56.5%) of the patients were admitted through the emergency room.
• The highest percentage (60.0%) of the studied patients had a family history of hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus (37.5%)
• The majority (87.0%) of the patients were don’t drinking alcohol, while(63.5%) were cigarette smoking.
• About (82.5%) of the patients with heart failure were using the prescribed drugs as digoxin and diuretics.
• Three quarter (75.0 %) of the patients ate fish. Also, patients ate either greens vegetables (82.0 %) or fruits (72.0 %). In addition to, (90.5%) of them don’t drink coffee.
• Concerning rest & physical activity, more than half of them were not do exercise regularly (56.0%).
• As much as (81.5%) of the patients were managing their stress through do recreational activities and hobbies like reading a book or watching TV.
• (90.2%) of married patients were avoid physical effort before sexual relation. Whereas (86.5%) of studied subjects allowed period of rest before and after sexual intercourse.
• The higher percentage (85.5%) of the studied subjects don’t follow the instructions of physician carefully.
Conclusion:
from the findings study life style of the heart failure, it can be concluded that:
The overall life style of the studied patients with heart failure was unhealthy.
The only healthy life style among patients with heart failure was not drinking alcohol.
Fairly life style among patients with heart failure was smoking, drug intake, dietary intake, rest &physical activity, stress management
Unhealthy life style among patients with heart failure was elimination patterns, sexual activity and follow up patterns.
Recommendation:
• Recommendation for the patients:
Health educational program should be developed and implemented for patients and their families about healthy life style modifications such as dietary habits and foods intake, smoking cessation, alcohol cessation, adequate rest and physical activity, adequate sleeping, proper ways to coping with stress, modifying of sexual activity and conducting follow up as scheduled by physician.