الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background; Otosclerosis is a middle ear disease that can cause conductive hearing loss, Aim and objectives; to detect causes of primary stapes surgery failure.one of them is necrosisof the long process of incus ,we studied how to manage this proplem using endoscope and bone cement according to degree of necrosis, Subjects and methods; This Prospective observational clinical study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, from January 2020 to July 2021 on 15 patients who had failed previous primary stapes surgery leading to recurrent conductive hearing loss, Result;we found that using endoscope and bone cement to reconstruct middle ear ossicles gives good results with significant improvement of hearing, Conclusion; Otosclerosis is a middle ear disease that can cause conductive hearing loss, using endoscope and bone cement to reconstruct middle ear ossicles gives good results with significant improvement of hearing .