الفهرس 
. Effect of Anhydrous ammonia on plant growth and yieldOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 132 |  |  |
| | | from | 132 | | |
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cultivated food grain crops in the world, which has been used as food since prehistoric times. In Egypt, wheat is grown on an area of 3.32 million feddan with an annual production of 9 million tons, with an average yield of 2.71 tons fed.-1 (FAOSTAT, 2021).
This current study was conducted to evaluate the addition of anhydrous ammonia at different rates to raise the efficiency of its use with the use of compost and biofertilization on the wheat plant to choose the best rate of anhydrous ammonia fertilization in the presence or absence of compost and biofertilization with an economic study to determine any rate of anhydrous ammonia and compost and fertilization Biological gives the largest yield with the lowest costs, and compare that to adding a lower rate of anhydrous ammonia with not adding other treatments to the wheat crop under the conditions of Fayoum governorate.
Two field experiments were conducted at Tamiya farm affiliated to the Agricultural Research Center in Fayoum Governorate during the seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the effect of adding anhydrous ammonia. It was injected directly into the soil at a depth of 15 cm below the soil surface before planting at rates of (50, 70, 90) kg nitrogen / feddan of wheat plants. Organic fertilizer was added after service operations and before planting at rates of (5 and zero) tons / feddan. Biofertilizers were added at levels (Azotobacter and phosphorine and mixed between them and without) mixed with wheat grains before planting. The rates of biological fertilization were mixed with wheat grains before planting, and wheat grains were coated with gum carrying bacterial strains on the same day of sowing at a rate of 700 grams per 60 kg grain. on wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sidis 12).
The results showed that when anhydrous ammonia was used at a rate of 70 kg nitrogen / feddan with the use of biofertilizing compost, there was an increase in dry weight at 45 days, and it also led to an increase in the weight of 1000 grains.
The results also showed a significant increase in the length of the spike and the weight of the spikes, as well as a significant increase in the productivity of an acre of grain when using 70 kg of nitrogen / feddan with the addition of 5 tons / feddan of fertilizer in addition to biofertilization, and the results were close to the resulting yield (grain and straw) when using 90 kg of nitrogen / acre of anhydrous ammonia, fertilizer and bio-fertilization.
The results also showed an increase in the total concentration of the major elements (N, P, K) and an increase in the proportion of protein, as well as the amount absorbed from them in the resulting crop (grain and straw).
It also showed a decrease in the soil acidity number, as well as the degree of salinity, when using ammonia, which is similar to 70 kg nitrogen / feddan with compost and live fertilization.
And when making an economic comparison between the different treatments, we find that when using compost fertilization and bio-fertilization, we can reduce anhydrous ammonia from 90 kg nitrogen / feddan to 70 kg nitrogen / feddan and get the same or close results.
The study recommended the use of 70 kg nitrogen / acre instead of 90 kg nitrogen / acre with the use of compost and bio-fertilization, which gives higher productivity, lower cost, greater use of natural materials, more preservation of the surrounding environment and benefit from it, and increased wheat productivity under the conditions of Fayoum Governorate - Egypt.
Keywords: wheat, anhydrous ammonia, organic fertilizer, biofertilization, azotobacter, phosphorus, yield, wheat yield, wheat straw, wheat protein, soil acidity, salinity.