الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Sakha Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during the three growing seasons of 2017, 2018 and 2019. The experimental comprised hybrid progenies derived from 60 F1 hybrid rice combinations generated through line x tester mating design. Five aromatic (basmati) CMS lines viz., IR58025A/B, Sakha EPUSA 11A/B, Sakha EPUSA 12A/B, Sakha EPUSA 13A/B, and Sakha EPUSA 14A/B and one unaromatic CMS line Sakha 1A/B (F6) possessing wild abortive (WA) type of CMS source were used as developed females. New basmati restorer lines identified by Hybrid Rice Project Breeding Team viz., EPR1, EPR2, EPR3, EPR15, EPR16, EPR20, EPR25, EPR30, Giza Basmati 201 (M9) and un-basmatic restorer variety Giza 178 (M10) were used as male parent to produce 60 F1 hybrid rice combinations. Data were recorded on the following traits: No. of days to maturity (day), plant height (cm), No. of spikelets panicle-1 (as agronomic traits), No. of panicles plant-1, filled grains panicle-1, No. of spikelets panicle-1, 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (ton/feddan) (as yield traits). The main objective of this investigation to study ; 1) the variation among some basmati and their hybrid rice combination for agronomic and yield traits, 2) the behavior of these materials in aromatic or basmati hybrid rice breeding programme through evaluating six CMS lines, ten restorer lines according to their general and specific combining ability effects, 3) estimation of the genetic parameters and heritability, and 5) the potentiality of heterosis expression for agronomic and yield characters. Results obtained in this investigation could be summarized as follows: A. Analysis of variance and combining ability The analysis of variance for all agronomic and yield characters indicated highly significant mean squares for genotypes, parents, hybrids and parents vs hybrids. - General combining ability of CMS and restorer lines showed highly significant for all agronomic and yield traits. - The mean squares of line x tester (SCA) showed highly significant for all agronomic and yield traits studied. - The results indicated that plant height, panicle length, No. of spikelets panicle-1, panicle weight, filled grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility%, 1000-grain weight and grain yield t ha-1-1 were mainly controlled by additive gene action, while No. of days to maturity and No. of panicles plant-1 were mainly governed by dominance gene action. B- Mean performance Complete to over dominance in most of hybrid rice combinations for early maturing, longest panicle and high No. of spikelets panicle-1. For No. of days to maturity, the F1 mean values of 49 hybrids were towards the lower parents (earliness). However, the F1 mean values of 11 hybrids were intermediate between the two parents involved, indicating partial or no dominance effect. Complete to over dominance was observed in 20 hybrid combinations towards the taller parents for plant height and 40 hybrids were intermediate between the two parents. Complete to over dominance was observed in most of the hybrids for high No. of panicles plant-1 (43 hybrids), heavier grain weight (43 hybrids), high number f filled grains panicle-1 (35 hybrids) and heavier 1000-grain weight. There existed complete to over dominance for high rate of spikelet fertility%. All hybrid rice combinations exhibited dominance effect towards the higher grain yield (60 hybrids). - The highest mean values for grain yield (ton/hectare) were obtained from the hybrid rice combinations, EPUSA 14A/Giza Basmati 201, EPUSA 12A/EPR30, EPUSA 13A/Giza 178, EPUSA 12A/EPR30 (M8) and EPUSA 12A/EPR25 (M7) with respective values of 13.86, 13.82, 13.80, 13.77 and 13.77 ton/ha-1. C. GCA and SCA effects - Concerning GCA effects, the basmati CMS lines 12A/B for No. of days to maturity (earliness), plant height (short stature plant), panicle length, No. of spikelets panicle-1, panicle weight, filled grains panicle-1, spikelets fertility%, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, EPUSA 13A/B for earliness, short stature plant, No. of panicles plant-1, panicle wight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, EPUSA 14A/B for earliness, spikelet fertility% and grain yield and non-basmatic CMS line Sakha 1A/B (F6) for earliness, No. of panicles plant-1, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were the best combiners in hybrid rice combinations. - The basmati restorer lines (testers) Giza Basmati 201, for panicle length, No. of panicles plant-1, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, EPR30 (M8) for earliness, No. of spikelets panicle-1, No. of panicles plant-1, panicle weight, filled grains panicle-1 and grain yield, EPR25, No. of spikelets panicle-1, panicle weight, filled grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility and grain yield and un-basmati restorer Giza 178 (M10) for short stature plant, No. of panicles plant-1 and grain yield plant-1 were the best general combiners for above mentioned traits. D. Heterosis effects and superiority over checks Agronomic traits No. of days to maturity - Values of heterosis over better pare (BP) and mid parents (MP) and superiority over check variety Giza Basmatic 201 and EBHR1showed significant and negative values (desirable) towards hybrid earliness in 24, 44, 34 and 39 hybrids rice combinations, respectively. - The five superior hybrids having heterobeltiosis (BP), mid- parents heterosis and standard variety (SV) for early maturing were EPUSA 12 A/ EPR2, EPUSA 13A/EPR3 (M3) and Sakha 1A/Giza Basmatic 201. - The results indicated that the estimates of BP heterosis were found to be significant and positive for all the 60 hybrid rice combinations. Plant height - For the heterosis over the MP, 51 hybrids showed significant and positive for plant height and ranged from 0.82% to 9.14% d. Four hybrid combinations namely IR 580 25 A/EPR 2, EPUSA 14A/Giza 178, IR58025 A/Giza 178 (M10) and IR 580025A/EPR1 (M1) exhibited significant negative and expressed semi dwarf stature in comparison to MP. Most of hybrids exhibited desirable negative and highly significant superiority (heterotic) over standard variety check Giza Basmati 201 (M9) towards shortness. - 57 hybrid combinations were significant and negative estimates over hybrid check variety EBAR 4 for plant height trait. - Promising hybrids combinations for short stature plant were EPUSA 12 A/EPR, EPUSA 13A/EPR15, EPUSA 14 A / Giza 178, IR 58025 A / Giza 178 (M10) and EPUSA 13 A / EPR3. SUMMARY 112 Panicle length - Out of 60 hybrids, 34 showed significant positive and higher panicle length over the BP heterosis. Heterosis over MP was positive and significant values (desirable) for 58 hybrids. Only six hybrids showed significant and positive superiority over standard Check vanity (SV) Giza Basmati 201. No hybrid recorded significant over hybrid check variety EBHR11 and the best hybrid combinations were EPUSA 14A/EPR20 (M6) (1.32 %) and EPUSA 14A/EPR3 (M3) (0.99%). Spikelets panicle - Heterosis over BP was significant and Positive (desirable) values for 32 hybrids combinations, 59 hybrids over MP, 58 over basmati check variety Giza Basmati 201 (M9) and 50 over Basmati hybrid check EBHR11. The highest estimates for the hybrid rice combinations, IR58025 A/EPR 30 (35.92%), EPUSA 13 A /EPR 30 (34.942), IR58025A/EPR 15 (30.63) EPUSA 11A/EPR30 (M8) (29.71%), EPUSA 11 A /EPR15 (M4) (26.84%) and EPUSA 14 A /EPR 3 (26.19%). Yield and its component traits Panicles plant-1 - Out of 50 hybrid combinations tested, 35 were significant positive (desirable) over the BP heterosis, 57 over MP, Six over SV Giza Basmati 20l and four over standard check variety EBHR11. - The best hybrid combinations for panicles plant-1 were EPUSA 14A (F5) /Giza 178, EPUSA 3A/Giza Basmati 20l, and Sakha lA / Giza Basmati 20l. Panicle weight - The heterosis over BP and MP was significant and positive for 42 and all 60 hybrid rice combinations, respectively. - Significant and highly significant positive estimates of superiority over SV Giza Basmati 20l and EBHR11 for panicle weight were recorded in 52 and 47 hybrid rice combinations, respectively, - The best hybrid rice combinations for panicle weight were IR58025A /EPR 30, EPUSA 12 A/EPR 15, EPUSA 12 A/EPR 30, and EPUSA 14 A /EPR 30. No. of filled grains panicle-1 - Significant and positive estimates of BP and Mp heterosis were showed in 28 and so hybrid rice combinations, respectively for filled grains panicle-1, live Significant and positive superiority SV% over the check variety Giza Basmati 20l and EBHRA EBHR11 in 56 and 49 hybrids, respectively. The best hybrids with highest superiority values for filled grains panicle-1 were IR 58025 A/EPR 30 EPUSA 12 A/EPR 30, 1R58025 A VEPRIS, EPUSABA /EPR 30 EPUSA 12A/EPR 15 and EPUS 14A/ EPR 30. Spikelet fertility %. - Presence of significant and positive estimates of heterosis over the BP and MP for only three and eleven hybrid combinations out of 60 hybrids, respectively, - Ten and 23 hybrid combinations showed a significantly positive (desirable) estimates of superiority (SV%) over Giza Basmati 201 (M9) and EBHR11, respectively. - The hybrid rice combinations, EPUSA 14A/EPR 20, EP 12 A/EPR15, EPUSA 14A/EPR 16, EPUSA 14%/ EPR25 (M7) and EPUSA 14/ Giza Basmati 20l has highest superiority over the check variety and hybrid Giza Basmati 20l and EBHR11 for spikelet SUMMARY 114 fertility 1000-grain weight - Significant positive heterosis as deviation from the BP and MP were showed in 37 and 59 hybrid rice combinations, respectively for 1000-grain weight. - Two and five hybrids only recorded positive and significant superiority over Giza Basmati 201 (M9) and EBHR11, respectively. Sakha 1A/Giza Basmati 201 (M9) and Sakha 1A/EPR 3 recorded the highest values with significant positive superiority. Grain yield t/ha-1 - Highly significant and positive BP, MP and SV were showed for all 60-hybrid rice combinations for grain yield t/ha-1. Significant and positive estimates for six hybrids only were showed in six hybrid combinations only for grain yield t/ha-1. - The highest values were obtained from the hybrid rice combinations EPUSA 14A/Giza Basmati 201, EPUSA 14A/EPR 30, EPUSA 13 A / Giza 178, EPUSA 12A/EPR 30 and EPUSA 12A/EPR 25.