الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. It can affect anyone, of any age, in any country. So the present study aimed to search for new biological approach for treatment antibiotic resistant isolates by plant extracts.
The objective of this study was summarized in the following point:
- Screening of the antibacterial activity of different garlic, ginger and lemon peel extracts toward some clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria.
- Screening the synergistic effect of these extracts with selected antibiotics (vancomycin and nalidixic acid).
- Biosynthesis of ZnONPs enriched with plants extracts.
- Screening the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized ZnONPs.
- Characterization of biosynthesized ZnONPs.
The results of antibacterial screening potential of different extracts showed that; garlic, ginger and lemon extracts have powerful antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant gram positive and negative bacteria. Garlic extracts have inhibitory effect against MRSA, Staphylococcus spp, E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Acinetobacter spp. Also, ginger extracts have inhibitory
effect against some strains of Staphylococcus spp, E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp. On the other hand, lemon extracts have inhibitory effect against all tested isolates.
Also, combination between the plants extracts and selected antibiotcs (vancomycin and nalidixic acid) showed synergistic activity toward the pathogens by increasing the inhibitory activity of those antibiotics. Ethanolic ginger extract was the most effective extract in synergism with vancomycin on tested isolates.
The green synthesis of nanoparticles eliminates the the harmful waste that chemical synthesis can cause. Three samples of ZnONPs produced by green synthesis using garlic, ginger and lemon extracts were characterized using TEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and XRD. XRD and EDX analyses indicated that pure ZnO is formed. SEM images showed the morphology of ZnONPs. TEM analysis indicated that the size of ZnONPs in the nanoscale. FTIR spectra peaks indicated the characteristic absorption peaks of ZnONPs. Antibacterial activity assay was carried out by the broth microdilution method and reported that ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis exhibit antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (MRSA, Enterococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp) and Gram-negative bacteria (E coli, Klebsiella spp, Acinetobacter spp and
Pseudomonas sp.) In conclusion, Results can be used for different medical and biological applications as an alternative solution or treatment for multi-drug resistant bacteria.