الفهرس 
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCV infected patients : Novel genomic markers
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Abstract
Background:The leading cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis is infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and of the patients with HCV induced cirrhosis, 2% to 5% develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bad prognosis. The lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools causes an urgent need for early-stage diagnosis by identifying new markers of HCC using a genomic and proteomic analysis. Aim of work: To compare certain genomic and proteomic profiles of liver cancerous and noncancerous plasma samples in order to identify new potential biomarkers for early detection of HCC.To assesse the relationship between these biomarkers and specific features of HCC such as number of nodules and presence of vascular invasion validating their prognostic usefulness. Subjects and Methods:Seventy patients were attendants of the Tropical Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, in Beni-Suef University Hospital. Twenty (age and sex matched) apparently healthy individuals were also included in the present study. The subjects were classified into 3 groups;group 1; which constituted 35 patients with HCV-induced HCC, group 2; which constituted 35 patients with chronic HCV (CHC) and group 3; which constituted 20 healthy subjects that served as a control group. Two apolipoproteins were identified: Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein A4 by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and the genes by Real Time-PCR.Results: Apo-A1, gene and protein, were significantly lower in HCC group than in CHC groupand control group. While Apo-A4, gene and protein, were significantly higher in control group than in both HCC and CHC groups, which recorded comparable results. A high significant negative correlation was found between Apo-A1 gene and Apo-A4 protein (r=-0.433, p=0.009) in CHC group. A significant negative correlation was found between Apo-A1 protein and both; AFP (r=-0.464, p=0.005) in group HCC group, and Apo-A4 protein (r=-0.411, p=0.014) in CHC group. Apo-A1 gene and protein significantly decreased with worsening of HCC