الفهرس 
Numerical analysis of embedded retaining walls supported by discontinuous unimproved and improved berms
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Abstract
This research examines the behaviour of walls embedded in thick clay deposits with passive discontinuous berm support during excavation. A 3D finite element model was verified against a case history and in a parametric study to simulate the behaviour of different wall configurations. The study addressed the effect of discontinuity ratio of berm, crest width and height of berm, stiffness and strength parameters of soil on the wall performance. Empirical methods were evaluated. The effect of using overlapped jet grout columns as an improvement technique for the berm was studied