الفهرس 
Antibacterial activity and smear layer removal of two herbal extract versus sodium hypochlorite as an irrigating material
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica) and cinnamoum (cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract and 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl and compare between them when used as as root canal irrigants and in the removal of smear layer. Dried and ground neem leaf and cinnamoum (cinnamomum zeylanicum) was extracted with 95% (w/v) ethyl alcohol for a week in a round bottom flask with occasional shaking. The flask was kept under dark to avoid effect of light on the active ingredients of the cinnamoum. The extract was then filtered through a muslin cloth for coarse residue and finally through whatman No.1 filter paper, concentrated with rotary evaporated under reduced pressure using Rota-vapor and kept in the desiccators overnight. The residue were then dissolved in 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to make the final 6% concentrations which were kept in refrigerator till used. In this study the contaminated teeth were prepared by using protaper rotary files, both shapers and finishers and irrigated with the tested irrigants. The results of the present study revealed the following: The highest antibacterial activity of the irrigants was observed for 2.5% NaOCl solution followed by 6% cinnamomum, and neem extract was the least in antibacterial activity. However, they all were showed good antibacterial in comparison with the control samples. For the smear layer evaluation, by examination of the specimens under the scanning electron microscope with a magnification 2000X, it was found that Statistically comparison between the groups showed at the apical, meddle and coronal level, there was no statistically significant difference between the different groups