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Abstract Chemerin is a new adipokine. Its expression has been found in a number of tissues including those of the liver, pancreas and lungs, as well as in adipose tissue. It has been shown to be associated with body mass index (BMI), plasma triglycerides (TG), blood pressure and IR .Chemerin is displayed in higher concentrations in non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients compared to the control. it may have an important role in progression from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, as chemerin may modulate insulin resistance and inflammatory responses In this study we aimed to investigate the role of chemerin in development of insulin resistance in non alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A total of 60 patients (30 patients with NAFLD and 30 patients with CHC) and 20 normal controls were examined for chemerin level and IR by ELISA .the results were analyzed statistically . The results showed that serum chemerin level is higher in patients with NAFLD and CHC than normal controls. and there is statistically significance negative correlation between Insulin sensitivity, and chemerin level among whole patients with fatty liver and HCV. there is statistically significance difference between different study subgroups as regards to Insulin sensitivity, and chemerin level with high mean of Insulin sensitivity and low mean of chemerin level in impared glucose patients among all patients included in the study. In conclusion, this study observed that chemerin plays an important role in development of insulin resistance and may be used as biomarker for insulin resistance in patients with HCV and fatty liver diseases |