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Abstract Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative procedure for various hematological cancers as well as benign diseases. HLA-typing is essential before transplantation for the success of the procedure, however, nearly more than one half of transplants involve recipient-donor ABO incompatibility with subsequent increased risk for hemolytic reactions, delayed engraftment and pure red cell aplasia. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ABO incompatibility on the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation including the incidence of hemolysis, frequency of blood transfusion, engraftment and hospital stay. Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the bone marrow transplant unit in Nasser Institute. The study included patients with hematological malignancies transplanted from a fully HLA- matched donor in the period from January 2008 till September 2016. Conclusions: In this study there was no significant statistical difference between the ABO compatible and incompatible groups regarding mortality, acute graft versus host disease, number of blood and platelet transfusion and hospital stay |