الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Circulatory shock is a critical situation that includes failure of the circulation to provide different organs with enough oxygen that is essential to perform their metabolic functions.
The ability to discern effectively between patients who will respond to fluid therapy with increasing cardiac output (the heart is working on the beginning of frank starling curve) and those who will not respond (the heart is performing on the plateau region of frank starling curve) is the primary clinical challenge in every patient with unstable hemodynamics.
Clinical examination alone is a poor indicator to assess fluid status or responsiveness to fluid therapy. In Emergency Department, many clinicians used to give intravenous fluids blindly to patients presented with circulatory shock exposing them to risk of fluid overload. On the other hand, many emergency physicians may be worried to give intravenous fluids to patients presented with shock and have a history of impaired cardiac contractility.
This was a prospective interventional non-randomized study that was done in the Emergency Department in Alexandria main university hospital from 2021 to 2022.this study was reviewed and approved by Alexandria University Ethical Committee (reference number 0201517).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of echocardiography in guiding fluid therapy in shocked patients with impaired cardiac contractility in Emergency Department in Alexandria main university hospital.