الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Resistant hypertension is the name given to high blood pressure that’s difficult to control and requires multiple medications (Sheppard et al., 2017). Hypertension is considered resistant when blood pressure stays above your treatment target, even though you’re taking three different types of blood pressure lowering medications, including a diuretic (Ku et al., 2019). People with resistant hypertension may have secondary hypertension where the cause hasn’t yet been identified, prompting a search by their doctor for secondary causes. Most people with resistant hypertension can be successfully treated with multiple drugs or with the identification of a secondary cause (Altorki et al., 2019).This is an emergency condition where malignant hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure that causes damage to organs. Malignant hypertension is the most severe type, characterized by elevated blood pressure usually at >180 mm Hg systolic or >120-130 mm Hg diastolic, plus damage to multiple organs. The prevalence of malignant hypertension is low about 1 to 2 cases in 100,000. Rates may be higher in populations of black people (Cremer et al., 2016). Uncontrolled high blood pressure is one of the main causes of malignant hypertension, other causes include: Adrenal disorders including Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma or a renin-secreting tumor, Central nervous system disorders like a brain bleed, stroke or traumatic brain injury, Drugs and medications, Renal artery disease (affecting the arteries that supply the kidneys), Structural heart disease, Thyroid disorders, Substance and medication withdrawal (Januszewicz et al., 2016).