الفهرس 
Validity of Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale using Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
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Abstract
Dysphagia is a dysfunction of swallowing process that prevents optimal transfer of food and fluid from the lips to the stomach and may give rise to life threatening complications such as dehydation, malnutrition, and aspiration. Dysphagia may manifest through a series of signs and symptoms, such as: masticatory disorder, diffculty initiating swallowing, nasal regurgitation, coughing, choking and pharyngeal globus (sensation of food in the throat).