الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The simultaneous management of a synchronous generator’s terminal voltage and area frequency can be considered one of the major hurdles that the engineering world encounters in the field of electrical power systems. The degradation of any of these characteristics has a tremendous effect on the life expectancy and performance of other power system operational equipment. Small load disruptions are dealt with by controlling devices placed in big complex power systems in order to maintain system voltage and frequency within defined limits. The generating power plants are always equipped with two operational loops in this regard. One of these loops is the load frequency control (LFC) loop, which regulates the frequency by lowering the gap between real power generation and load. The other is theautomatic voltage regulator (AVR) loop, which is responsible for managing the system’s reactive powerand, as a result, the terminal voltage. The combined AVR-LFC systems are required to assist the inter area power generating systems’ dependability, security, and performance. It has been demonstrated that certain interactions between the AVR loop and the LFC loop occur in response to dynamic perturbations. This is because the AVR loops have a direct impact on the magnitude of the power generation voltage. Therefore, this thesis proposes a maiden intelligent controller design that consists of a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative-double derivative (FPIDD2 ) controller whose parameters are fine-tuned using the Gradient-Based Optimization algorithm (GBO). The proposed FPIDD2 regulator is employed as a secondary regulator for stabilizing the combined voltage and frequency loops in a two-area interconnected power system. The proposed FPIDD2 controller is tested in a two-area hybrid system, with each area comprising a mix of traditional (thermal, gas, and hydraulic power plants) and renewable generation units (wind and solar power). Additionally, the proposed controller takes into account system nonlinearities (such as generation rate limitations and governor deadband), system uncertainties, and load/renewables changes. The dynamic responses of the system demonstrate that FPIDD2 has superior ability to attenuate the deviations in voltage and frequency in both areas of the system. In the investigated hybrid system, the suggested FPIDD2 is compared to a GBO-tuned integral derivative tilted (ID-T) controller and FPID controller. As a fitness function for the GBO, the criteria of minimizing the integral time absolute error (ITAE) are applied. The results are presented in the form of MATLAB/SIMULINK time-domain simulations. The simulation outcomes prove that the presented controller has an outstanding performance compared with the other control strategies in the dynamic response of the system in terms of rising and settling times, maximum overshoot, undershoot values and ITAE.