الفهرس 
THE moderating role of firm characteristics on the relationship between financial distress and earnings management: an empirical study
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Abstract
The main objective of this study is to examine the moderating role of
firm characteristics on the relationship between Financial Distress (FD) and
Earnings Management (EM). In this research, a sample of 101 Egyptian firms
listed in the Egyptian stock Exchange is used for a period of six years from 2014
to 2019. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression is applied for six multiple
regression models to test the research hypotheses. Discretionary accruals
estimated from modified Jones model (1995) is used to measure EM, Altman’s
Z-score Emerging Markets Scoring model (EMS) is used to measure FD. The
firm characteristics examined in this research are firm size, firm growth
opportunities, financial leverage and profitability.
The results revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between
FD and EM. Moreover, it is found that there is a significant positive relationship
between firm characteristics and EM. Additionally, there is a significant positive
relationship between firm characteristics and FD. Finally, the results indicated
that the firm size moderates the relationship between FD and EM, implying that
firm size reduces the negative impact of Z-Score on EM. while firm growth
opportunities, leverage and profitability don’t moderate the relationship between
FD and EM. Thus, government, public investors, shareholders, banks, insurance
companies and creditors should take into consideration firm size while assessing
the relationship between FD and EM