الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Propofol is the most widely used intravenous (IV) anesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of anesthesia as well as for sedation inside and outside operation theater. Propofol is almost an ideal IV anesthetic agent, but pain on its injection still remains a problem. The pain may not be a serious complication, but most patients remember it as one of the unpleasant encounters with anesthetists.
This study was conducted at Beni-Suef university hospital to compare between lidocaine, granisetron and hyoscine in reducing the propofol injection pain. The mean age of the studied patients was 33.4±9.1for patients in lidocaine group and most of them were males (62.0%). Also, patients in granisetron had a mean age 37.4±10.2and most of them were male (52.0%). The mean age of patients in hyoscine group was 35.3±10.6 and most of them were females (56.0%). Most of the patients were ASA I in all groups.
The most effective drug in reducing pain induced by propofol was lidocaine followed by hyoscine then granisetron at all times. There was no significant difference between the studied groups regarding their pain score (verbal pain score) at 0 seconds. At 5, 10, and 20 seconds of induction, there was a significant difference between the studied groups. The least pain was observed in lidocaine group followed by Hyoscine then Granisetron.
At 0 sec with induction of anesthesia 94% of patients had no pain in lidocaine group Vs 86% in each hyoscine and granisteron group. After 5 sec, lidocaine was better in which 94% remained to have no pain Vs 80% and 64% forhyoscine and granisteron respectively. After 10 sec of induction, 94% of patients still have no pain in lidocaine group Vs 70% for hyoscine 60% for granisteron groups. After 15 sec, 86% of patients had no pain in lidocaine group Vs 72% and 60% for hyoscine andgranisteron group respectively. After 20 sec of induction still lidocaine is the best drug in which 88% of patients had no pain Vs 70% forhyoscine and 60% for granisteron.
As regards to the heart rate and blood pressure. All patients had normal SBP and diastolic blood pressure while there was a significant increase in HR in hyoscine group than in lidocaine and Granisetron groups. Only 8% of patients in lidocaine group and hyoscine group complained of postoperative nausea and vomiting vs 6% of patients in granisteron group. Hypoxia with SPO2 less than 90% were reported in 2% of patients only with hyoscine group. There was no significant difference between the studied groups regarding presence of hypoxia, post operative nausea and vomiting.