الفهرس 
Detection of bacteria and fungi associated with canine otitis
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Abstract
Otitis externa (OE) is the inflammation of external auditory canal, outside the tympanic membrane. The present study aimed to clarify bacteriological and mycological pathogens associated with canine otitis. This study was carried on forty- four dogs suffering from otitis belonged to 8 breeds (Golden Retriever, German shepherd, Cocker spaniel, Siberian husky, Labrador retriever, Rottweiler and Pekinese and Griffon). These dogs of different age groups less than 1 year, 1-5 years
and more than 5 years and of both sexes. On bacterial culture, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (44.11%), Staphylococcus epidermidis
(S. epidermidis) (22.05%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (16.17%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (14.7%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (2.9%) represented the bacterial isolates. S. aureus was the most commonly isolated bacteria. All bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity tests by using 20 antibacterial agents. The antibiogram assay showed that all bacterial isolates were sensitive to Piperacillin ∕ tazobactam and imipenem ∕ meropeneneum. The yeast isolates represented Malassezia pachydermatis (M. pachydermatis) (9.1%), Candida albicans (C. albicans) (2.27%) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) (6.8%). All yeast isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing and confirmed by PCR. The antifungal susceptibility showed sensitivity to all discs used except two isolate of M. pachydermatis were resistant to fluconazole (FLC) and C. albicans was intermediate to itraconazole (IT). Conclusively to control OE, antibiogram should be applied on isolates to guide the veterinarians to choose the most effective therapeutic regimen that reduce the risk of resistance is recommended