الفهرس 
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 141 |  |  |
| | | from | 141 | | |
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition in which the kidneys are unable to function properly as a result of structural or functional damage that leads to excessive fluid and waste accumulation in the blood. CKD represents a major economic burden on health care systems worldwide. Nowadays, the prevalence of CKD is rising significantly. The estimated number of affected people ranges from 11% to 13% globally. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is the terminal kidney illness with severe compromise of glomerular filtration rate which may be due to a variety of causes like; diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis and recurrent kidney infections. Hemodialysis as a modality of renal replacement therapy had helped such patients carry on an active life despite failing kidneys.