الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Recent advances in obstetrical and neonatal care have improved survival among preterm infants especially VLBW. However, respiratory morbidity, with its attendant complications, respiratory distress syndrome RDS and BPD are major pulmonary complications to preterm infants. The NRDS is defined as acute pulmonary disorder mainly affects preterm infants and infrequently term infants, it’s the main cause of respiratory distress within hours after birth and mostly immediately after delivery, is as acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury causing increased pulmonary vascular permeability with increased lung weight, loss of aerated lung tissues leading to hypoxemia and bilateral radiographic opacities associated with increased venous admixture, increased physiological dead space and decreased lung compliance. Despite improved treatment techniques, RDS is still a severe, high-mortality disease in the extremely premature infant. In survivors, a considerable part of preterm infants may be accompanied by BPD. BPD is a chronic lung disease of prematurity and is the most common complication in premature infants, with the greatest risk occurring in those born at < 26 weeks of gestation. It affects as many as 30% to 40% of (VLBW) infants. The BPD is also associated with significant NICU-related complications, including the prolonged need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory support, and oxygen therapy, longer duration of hospitalization, and higher rates of non-respiratory comorbidities, such as retinopathy of prematurity and brain injury. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble molecule acquired through exposure to sunlight or diet, has been identified as a steroid hormone precursor that modulates long-term programming of human health. Low vitamin D intakes during perinatal development have traditionally been linked to poor bone health. This a prospective study that was carried out on 50 preterm neonates diagnosed as RDS with gestational age less than (34 weeks) to determine if Serum 25(OH) vitamin D at the first day of life is a risk factor for BPD in preterm with RDS. All new-born were subjected to careful history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations (CBC, CRP, ABG, CXR and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)).