الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Long-term cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 become a major public health issue after the pandemic has ended.(Yu-Hui Liu, et al 2021).
The aim of our work was to assess the cognitive function in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection; both clinically and neurophysiologically using Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) and ERP (P300).
This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients recovered from COVID-19 infection and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Both groups were subjected to cognitive assessment using the following psychometric tests: paired associate learning (PALT) , Benton visual retention test (BVRT) and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Neurophysiological assessment of cognitive function was also done for both patients and controls using QEEG and P300.
The results were summarized as follows:
The mean age of the included patients was 36.3±8.1 years , the mean duration of illness was (19.9±12.4) days, the mean hospitalization period (10.3±8.2) days, the mean recovery duration was (6.04±3.3) months, the mean MV duration was (12.8±12.8)days, and the mean SPO2 % was (87.04±10.5).
Regarding COVID-19 symptoms, the most common symptom was Cough/dyspnea (90%) followed by fever (82%), and headache (82%). Only 10% of the included patients needed hospitalization in ICU, 25% needed oxygen ,and 8% needed MV.
Regarding COVID-19 severity, 48% had a mild COVID-19, 50% had a moderate COVID-19, and 8% had a severe COVID-19.
Among COVID -19 patients, 68% were vaccinated; 42% of them were vaccinated before infection versus 26% were vaccinated after infection.
COVID-19 patients had significantly lower PALT, BVRT, PASAT scores in comparison to controls.
There was a significant delay inP300 latency and reaction time, and a significant reduction in P300 amplitude in COVID-19 patients in comparison to controls.
QEEG frontal, central and parietal Theta absolute power were significantly elevated and alpha absolute power was significantly reduced both in central and parietal areas, together with increased Theta/Beta ratio in both central and parietal areas in COVID-19 patients in comparison to controls.
There was a significant reduction in interhemispheric coherence in frontal, central and parietal areas as regard alpha and beta bands in COVID-19 patients in comparison to controls.
Patients having severe COVID-19 infection had significantly lower psychometric tests scores, more delay in P300 latency, smaller P300 amplitude, and lower mean of frontal alpha inter-hemispheric coherence, in comparison to patients having mild and moderate COVID-19 infection.
Patients who received vaccination before COVID-19 infection had better scores on psychometric tests and less delay in P300 in comparison to those who didn`t receive vaccination.
Linear regression models were used in our study to investigate potential risk factors of post- COVID-19 cognitive decline. Age and hypoxia were found to be significant predictors of post COVID -19 cognitive decline.