الفهرس 
Equine endoscopy of upper gastro - intestinal tract
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Abstract
The present investigation was conducted on 96 equine; out of them 51 horses and 25 donkeys. For endoscopic examination was using by equine video-endoscope (Eickemyer 3000 Vmec, Germany). And 10 horses and 10 donkeys were humanely euthanized for reviewing the normal anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The endoscopic examination was performed in hospital cases of the Faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo university from March, 2013 to March, 2015. This study has introduced anatomical and endoscopic depictions to the veterinarians aiming to facilitate correct diagnosis of the upper gastrointestinal disorders on the basis of endoscopic anatomy backgrounds. The recorded disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract were confirmed by histopathological examinations. The endoscope examination observed and confirmed by the histopathological examination for disorder cases by take specimen during II endoscopic biopsy, and saving this specimen in formal saline 10%, then histopathological cutting and pigmentation to examination of microscope that confirmed of any affection in slides