الفهرس 
Immunological and environmental studies on giardia duodenalis in Egypt
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Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is one of the leading protozoan causes of gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Giardiasis constitutes an important public health problem in Egyptian children. Contamination of the Nile river with fecal materials including viruses and pathogenic protozoa still represents an environmental health hazard in Egypt; especially in rural areas. This study aimed to detection of crude giardia antigen (CGA) by enzyme-linked immunoassaying (ELISA) technique in stool and serum samples of G. duodenalis infected patients and in water samples from areas in which the G. duodenalis infected patients are residence and compare the results with that of the parasitological methods and serodiagnosis in correlation to some environmental factors. According to coproantigens detection by sandwich ELISA, higher sensitivity (96.39%) than parasitological examination (88.75%) was detected. Also, sera samples were employed in sandwich ELISA assay, to detect circulating giardia antigens; the sensitivity of the test was 94.12% which is higher than that of IgM (87.50%) and IgG (86.25%) secretion measurement. Water samples were collected and the giardia concentration was performed using membrane filtration and percoll - sucrose flotation. from ordinary microscopic identification of protozoa stages in water samples, giardia cysts were found in 29 water samples