الفهرس 
THE USE OF “TIME-GAINING STRATEGIES” BY EFL LEARNERS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
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Abstract
Although Time-gaining Communication Strategies (TGCSs) are sub-categories of Communication Strategies (CSs), they are not used to compensate for vocabulary deficiency like CSs. Most studies that are primarily concerned with CSs focus on the investigation of TGCSs in the oral production of L2 learners, although, several students employ TGCSs in their writing. They use them for other purposes than to stall for time. Therefore, it was significant to explore the factors behind the use of TGCSs in the students{u2019} written production. To observe the frequency and type of TGCSs used by L2 Egyptian learners at different proficiency levels in the written production, the study adopted a mixed-method design and the sample consisted of a randomly selected group of 97 freshman students from the Department of English Language and Literature at Cairo University. They were divided into two groups (lower-proficiency level and higher-proficiency level) according to their grades in a standardized language test. In order to explore the TGCSs used by the students when faced with communicative problems, two time-limited tasks were chosen