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Abstract
To investigate the current status of FMDv infection and to assure the vaccine efficacy used in some Egyptian governorates, a crosssectional survey was conducted between October2013 till July2014 in ten Egyptian Governorates (Cairo, Al-Qaliubia, Giza, Alexandia, Al-Behaira, Al-Gharbia, Kafer ElSheikh, Al-Fayoum, Al-Sharquia and Assiut). In this study >10,000 cattle and Buffaloes were studied, 529 serum samples out of them 321serum samples from nonvaccinated animals in FMD suspected foci and 208 serum samples from suspected free animals used for vaccinal Trials as well as 51 Saliva and tissue samples collected. The virus samples were serotyped by RTPCR and the complete VP1 coding regions in the PCR products of positive samples were sequenced .The results confirmed the presence of three serotypes [A (13.63%), O (56.81%), SAT2 (11.36%), A+ SAT-2 (2.27%)and A+O (2.27%)] of FMDv cocirculating in Egypt. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 further confirmed emergence of the East Africa3 topotype (EA3) of serotype O. Serotype O sequence was closely related to O/SUD/8/2008 with identity 93%, but differ from vaccinal strain (O/PanAsia2) of MESA topotype by 14.6%. Meanwhile Serotype A and SAT2 were closely related to recent Egyptian isolates and vaccinal strains type A/ EGY/1/2012 (Asia topotype, lineage Iran 2005) with identity 96.4% and vaccinal strain of SAT2/EGY/9/2012 (topotype VII, lineage SAT2/VII/Ghb12) with identity 92% respectively