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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)is considered to be a stem cell disease. The poor response to therapy in AML raises the expectations of the presence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Aim of work:To investigate the expression of CD90 and CD123 in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and their use as markers for diagnosis.Methodology: Using muli-color flow-cytometry, we analyzed the expression of CD90 and CD123 among [CD34+/CD38-] cell population in AML patients at initial diagnosis. The study was conducted on 40 AML patientscollected among cases referred to medical oncology department at El Kasr Al-Aini adult hospital, Cairo University over the period from October 2014 to June 2015. Forty samples were studied at time of initial diagnosis of AML patients, compared to 40 bone marrow samples of patients with non-hematological malignancies as a control group. Results:It was found that thepercentage of CD123 was significantly higher among [CD34+/CD38-] cells in AML cases (range: 0.05-31.6%, median: 3.68%) than the control group (range: 0.01-3.53%, median:0.71%) and this difference showsa high statistical significance(P value < 0.001 in both).While the Percentage of CD90+ cells was lower among [CD34+/CD38-] cells in of AML cases (range: 0.01-4.27%, median: 0.43%) than control group(range: 0.03-4.55%, median: 0.63%), however this difference didn’t reachany statistical significance (p value =0.06).Conclusion:CD123 in the combination [CD34+/CD38{u2212}]may be used as a useful marker for detection of LSCs in AML patients. While CD90isn’t considered a reliable marker in the detection of LSCs.