الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are those having diameters of nanometer size, the market offers a wide range of NPs that used in various applications of nutrition, therapy, medication with incorporation into consumer products. In spite of several advantages, they have potential toxic effects. Silver nanoparticles are one of the most important member of nanoparticles that consumer exposed to it and raised the potential need for their toxicological assessment lately.
Therefore, in the present study, a total of Forty male Sprague Dawley rats obtained from MERC center, divided into four groups: (1)-Control group (2)- 0.25 mg AgNPs /kg b.w., (3)- 0.5 mg AgNPs /kg b.w. and (4)- 1.0 mg AgNPs /kg b.w.. Each group subdivided into two subgroups, one treated for 15 days and other for 30 days. After the last injection, animals were weighed then euthanatized. The blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Also, seminal analysis for its evaluation, then livers and testes of each animal were dissected out and weighted. Hepatic and testicular tissue specimens were taken for evaluating oxidative stress, histopathological examination and molecular gene expressions analysis.
The obtained results revealed a change in body weight and testicles with increase in liver enzymes, also anemia that characterized by the small size of red blood cells, in addition to stress in white blood cells, and a decrease in the levels of the estradiol and testosterone hormones, and the number of sperms, also increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide with decrease in glutathione content. There were morphological changes plus apparent changes in gene expression analysis of hepatic and testicular tissue targeting apoptosis, fibrosis and tissue repair.
Finally, we recommended using AgNPs with extreme caution for the therapeutic and prophylactic index as AgNPs toxicity dose and time dependent; otherwise, AgNPs may affect general public health.