الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Nicotine is the more abundant component in cigarette smoking. Smoking is widely used in Egypt and all over the world, so nicotine was studied to evaluate its toxicity in male rats. In this study, a natural diet was used consisting of a different group of natural compounds, such as saponins extracted from fenugreek, which exhibited a positive protective effects against the toxicity of different chemical compounds. Different studies have proven that nicotine is metabolized firstly in the liver cells. Moreover, It was also found that the genitals are among the most sensitive organs to nicotine toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of nicotine on these somatic and reproductive organs using cytogenetics studies (micronuclei and caudate assay), histopathological (liver and testis), sperm abnormalities and gene expression to some brain and liver enzymes. Moreover study the protective effect of fenugreek saponin and nano-fenugreek saponin against toxicity of nicotine. Animals were divided into control group, group treated with nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day. b. wt), 3 groups administrated IV fenugreek saponin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg /day b.wt), 3 groups administrated nano-fenugreek saponin (20, 40 and 80mg/kg/day. b.wt), 3groups treated with nicotine (1.5 mg/kg /day. b.wt) in combination with fenugreek saponin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day. b. wt) and 3 groups treated with nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day. b. wt) in combination with nano-fenugreek saponin (20, 40 and 80mg/kg/day.b.wt). The statistical analysis revealed that nicotine treatment induced asignificant increase in in number of micronuclei in bone marrow cells and DNA damage represented by comet assay parameters in liver cells. Moreover, a significant increase in sperm head and tail abnormalities as well as asignificant increase in gene expression of acetyl choline estrase (AChE) in brain and significant decrease in GLT-1 (glutamate transporter-1) and GLAST (glutamate aspartate transportater) in liver. Also, it induced histopathological changes in rat’s liver and testis. On other hand administration of fenugreek saponin and nano- fenugreek saponin in combination with nicotine showed a significant decrease in the percentage of micronuclei and in tail V length of comet assay, and asignificant decrease in the percentage of sperm abnormalities. Moreover, using of fenugreek saponin and nanoparticles in combination with nicotine induced a significant decrease in the gene expression of AChE in brain and significant increase GLAST, GLT-1 in liver with decrease in the histopathological changes occurred in rat’s liver and testis when compared with nicotine group. These results of current study showed that nicotine is a toxic agent for somatic and germ cells. And fenugreek saponin and nano- fenugreek saponin can be used as ameliorative agents against nicotine toxicity |