الفهرس 
Title : Effect of different surface treatments and veneering techniques on shear bond strength of machined zirconia to veneering porcelain
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Abstract
An increasing demand for esthetic restorations has resulted in the development of new high-strength ceramic core materials for all-ceramic restorations, but the strength of a non homogenous all-ceramic structure is determined by its weakest component. Usually this will be the core-veneer interface or the veneering material itself. The core-veneer interface has to be strong enough to withstand the stresses of mastication to prevent delamination and fracture of the veneering material.
This study was designed to investigate, in vitro, the effect different surface treatments and veneering techniques on shear bond strength of zirconia to veneering porcelain.
A total of 40 zirconium oxide disc samples were designed and constructed with standardized dimensions (10 mm diameter × 3mm thickness) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were classified according to the type of zirconia surface treatment into four main groups of 10 samples:
group A: Zirconia cores subjected to sandblasting (control)
group B: Zirconia cores subjected to Nd:YAG laser application
group C: Zirconia cores subjected to Silica coating (CoJet system) using chair- side micro-blasting device.
group D: Zirconia cores subjected to chemical etching using a hot etching solution of HCL and FeCl in methanol which was heated to 100ºC, and then zirconia discs were immersed for 10 minutes.
Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups of 5 samples according to veneering techniques:
Subgroup 1: zirconia discs veneered by conventional layering technique using IPS e.max Ceram.
Subgroup 2: zirconia discs veneered by press-on technique using IPS e.max ZirPress.