الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study the Egyptian spitting cobra Naja nubiae crude venom was milked and injected by subcutaneous method into male adult albino rats to evaluate the immunogenic effect of the different doses of crude venom(1/4, 1/2 LD50). Determination of LD50, evaluation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress parameters, and some antioxidant defenses were carried out. Besides, the measurement of certain hematological parameters. Supporting these measurements by an examination of the histopathological effect of venom on primary and secondary lymphoid organs and assessing venom-induced vascular permeability of Evans blue dye in the rat peritoneal cavity and some selected organs. The study revealed high venom inflammatory activity documented by inflammatory cytokines induction, redox disturbance with severe hematological alterations accompanied by severe vascular permeability and serious histopathological alterations in the tissue of lymphoid organs of envenomed animals.