الفهرس 
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Abstract
Genetical and biochemical studies on induction of salinity tolerance on soybean using nanoparticles Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a widely grown legume. It began to be cultivated in Egypt in 1976. It is an important crop for human food and animal feed due to its high protein content. The limitation of water resources is a major problem facing Egypt; hence, it becomes necessary to use non-conventional water sources like saline water for irrigation. Salinity stress causes a significant decrease in soybean. Nanotechnology is one of the latest new agricultural applications that improve growth and plant performance under salinity stress. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the induction of salinity tolerance on six soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes using two different nanoparticles and heat pre-treatment (45ºC) as well as investigating the associated changes in morphological, physiological, cytological and molecular responses in studied genotypes. Experimental design: Six soybean genotypes (Glycine max L.) were used: Giza 35, Giza 82, Giza 111, Giza 22, Carford (Egyptian commercial genotypes), and Toano (imported genotype. The experiments were performed using two different dilutions of seawater; 1/12 seawater (S1) and 1/6 seawater (S2) in addition to the control group (C) where non-saline water was used. Two different nano-materials used in this study: 1mm nano-silica (N1) and 0.075 ml/ L nano-selenium (N2). This study was designed as two main experiments; with heat pretreatment (45ºC) and no-pretreated grains. The experiment was conducted during the summer season 2018/2019 at the experimental farm at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt. Experimental measurements included: 1. Morphological and physiological determination:
•Germination %
•Shoot and root Length.
•Fresh and Dry weights.
•Shoot and root length.
•Chlorophyll and carotenoids content. •Lipid peroxidation (MDA).
•Electrolyte leakage (EL).