الفهرس 
Comparative study between Ultrasound guidance and blind technique for thoracic erector spinae plane block in post mastectomy pain control; randomized control study
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Abstract
The classic symptoms of PMPS are pain and tingling in the chest wall, armpit and arm. Pain may also be felt in the shoulder or surgical scar. Other common complaints include: numbness, shooting or pricking pain, or unbearable itching. [4]
Opioid analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, pregabalins all has been used alone or in-combination for treatment of such problem. Function by reducing the perception of pain signals in the central nervous system. [5, 6] Moreover, The analgesia ladder is a useful paradigm in addressing pain in the patient by using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, and adjuvant medications in conjunction with opioid.[7, 8]The Use of the N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (ketamine) and calcium channel blocker (Magnesium sulphate) to control armpit and arm.