الفهرس 
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Abstract
Medical diagnosis usually requires blood analysis of various biomarkers which are essential for disease detection and health status monitoring. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant serum protein and is an indicator of liver and kidney diseases. Cardiac troponin 1 (cTn1) is a protein member of the cardiac troponin complex used for the diagnosis of several pathologies associated with cardiomyocyte necrosis. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a technique with high sensitivity and specificity, and it is one of the most significant developments used as an analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The current study investigated the potential application of femtosecond LIF in clinical analysis as a new detection method for rapid monitoring of certain serum biomarkers such as HSA and cTn1.
The excitation wavelengths of HSA (4 g/dl) were systematically varied over a wide range of wavelengths (350-410 nm) and the LIF spectrum was recorded. The obtained results showed that the most sensitive excitation wavelength of HSA is 380 nm and the fluorescence peak is centered at 500 nm. Different concentrations of HSA were studied at a constant excitation wavelength of 380 nm and the LIF spectra were recorded. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity was concentration-dependent and increases linearly as concentration increased. Unknown HSA concentrations were measured using the LIF technique and a commercial albumin-specific kit from Vitro Scient (Egypt) and the LIF technique proved to be highly accurate and efficient.
Furthermore, the LIF spectra of cTn1 (8 ng/ml) were obtained over a range of excitation wavelengths (350-400nm). The results showed that the excitation wavelength of 350 nm showed the maximum fluorescence intensity with an emitted fluorescence peak centered at 494 nm. Different concentrations of cTn1 were studied at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm and LIF spectra were recorded. The obtained data showed that fluorescence peak intensity is concentration-dependent and linearly increases with cTn1 concentration. The femtosecond LIF provides a new, very sensitive, precise, and direct method for monitoring the HSA and cTn1.